Diacell® TozerDAC X-ray
X-ray Spectroscopy, Pmax = 20 GPa, T = 80 K, WD = 5 mm, A = 85°
- The Diacell® TozerDAC X-ray was developed in collaboration with Prof. Stan Tozer (FSU & NHMFL), who had the idea to use the turnbuckle concept in DACs
- The principle of turnbuckles is rather simple. Applying such concept to a DAC means that the turnbuckle draws opposing diamond anvils together to generate high pressures
- Careful machining of the cell and carefully polished diamond anvils - both of which are hallmarks of Almax easyLab - address translation and tilt alignment issues
- The Diacell® TozerDAC has a dedicated Loading jig and a special easyLab® Tpress which allows the user to apply the force uniformly and also to measure the load on the TozerDAC
- The Diacell® TozerDAC X-ray is very small (12 mm diameter, 11 mm height) so it can be easily accommodated in any commercial X-ray instrument. The cell can also be used in conjunction with cryogenic jet coolers for use at low temperatures
- Pressures up to 20 GPa are achievable
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Description
The Diacell® TozerDAC-Xray is a turnbuckle-style diamond anvil cell based on the ingenious and novel design of Prof. Stan Tozer (Florida State University and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, USA). The cell is described in the paper Graf et al., High Pressure Research vol.31, No.4, pg.533 (2011). Almax easyLab developed the TozerDAC in full collaboration with Prof. Tozer.
A typical diamond anvil cell might have anvil support tables for translational and tilt alignment and associated screws, a two-part body, alignment pins and screws to apply and lock in the load. The turnbuckle DAC, on the other hand, has only three parts plus the two anvils: the body (buckle) and the two endcaps (eyelets). Cylindrical surfaces on the leading and trailing edges of the turnbuckle endcaps engage the body of the turnbuckle at its mid and end points, providing a reasonable length-to-diameter ratio that ensures proper alignment of the diamond anvils.
The smallest culet size for this diamond anvil cell is C = 0.50 mm.
An external load mechanism is used to advance the endcaps into the body a sufficient distance without engaging the threads of the body so that the body can then be turned with minimal torque, locking in the required load.
Applications
The Diacell® TozerDAC-Xray is suitable for X-ray work at low temperatures in lab-based diffractometers. Reducing the atomic thermal vibrations is one of the ways of improving the quality of the diffraction data and it is common for the X-ray diffractometer to be accompanied by a cryo-flow (or cryo-jet) liquid nitrogen cooling system. The TozerDAC-Xray is particularly suited for such arrangement.
A video showing the cell (in its plastic holder) mounted on a diffractometer equipped with a Cryojet system is available on our YouTube channel here.
Note that the TozerDAC can also be used in conjunction of the ST-500 cryostat of Lake Shore – Janis . Almax easyLab can supply an adapting holder (click here) to accomodate the TozerDAC X-ray onto the cold stage of the ST-500.
Specifications
| Cell Material | High Strength Beryllium Copper Alloy |
| Anvil Support | Super-alloy MP35N |
| Pressure Mechanism | Turnbuckle Drive |
| Maximum Pressure | 20 GPa |
| Temperature Range | 80 K |
| Top Angle | X-ray: conical 82º |
| Bottom Angle | X-ray: conical 82º |
| Lateral Access | N/A |
| Heating | N/A |
| Cooling | Via Cryogenic Vapour Stream |
| DAC Diameter | 12 mm |
| DAC Height | 11 mm |
| Working Distance to Sample | 5 mm |
| Numerical Aperture | 0.68 |
| Interfacing Solution | PEEK Mount – 3/8” pin |
| DAC Weight | 5 g |
Maximum pressure is dependent upon the culet size of the anvils. Almax easyLab is committed to its policy of continuous improvement. Specifications may change without notice. easyLab and Diacell are registered trademarks of Almax easyLab.
Documents
We have compiled a series of technical documents (brochures, articles, technical drawings, …) which you might find useful to help you understand this product better.
Technical documentation
TozerDAC – How to check the alignment video
Technical Drawing
Please contact us for further details on the engineering drawings.
Articles
2018 – Warzecha et al. – High-Pressure Studies of Cesium Uranyl Chloride
2016 – Angel et al. – High-quality structures at high pressure? Insights from inclusions in diamonds
2023 – Pawbake et al. – Magneto-Optical Sensing of the Pressure Driven Magnetic Ground States in Bulk CrSBr
Spares, Accessories and Options
Our diamond anvil cells are aligned and mechanically tested before leaving our factory on their way to your laboratory.
They also come supplied with the required basic tooling, including gasket blanks, to use them. All is contained in the transportation casing to move around laboratories easily.
Below you can find some of the accessories and spares you might also consider. If you cannot find what you need, please do not hesitate to contact our team.
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Diamond Anvils 3.30 mm – 85°, Type Ia, Boehler-Almax design diamond anvils Product code: [P02413] |
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Torque Wrench BeCu clamping ring to rotate the cell body inside the loading jig Product code: [M27013] |
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Loading Jig Jig used to change the pressure inside the TozerDAC X-ray Product code: [A27051] |
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TPress Lever arm press used to apply force onto the loading jig of the TozerDAC X-ray Product code: [A27100] |
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ST-500 Mounting Holder Holder needed to fit the TozerDAC X-ray inside JANIS ST-500 cryostat Product code: [A27301] |
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Low Temperature Holder PEEK holder for mounting the TozerDAC onto a goniometer head Product code: [A27201] |
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Gasket Blanks 5 mm / 0.30 mm thick BeCu gasket blanks Product code: [P00537] |
FAQs
What is the maximum pressure I can achieve with the TozerDAC and a given culet size?
| Culet size (µm) | 500 | 600 | 800 | 1000 |
| Pmax (GPa) (*) | 20 | 14 | 8 | 5 |
(*) The Pmax values are only indicative. The maximum pressure achievable with a DAC is influenced by many others experimental parameters, like the gasket characteristics (material, thickness and hole size) or the pressure transmitting medium.
Can I use the same loading jig for both the imperial and metric TozerDAC?
Yes, the loading jig is compatible with both the imperial and metric versions of the TozerDAC. The metric version is slightly larger at 12 mm O.D., and the included circular wrench differs slightly in ID due to variations in outer diameter.
Can I obtain a second TozerDAC without purchasing an additional loading jig?
Yes, you can acquire a second TozerDAC and use the same loading jig. However, be aware that sharing one jig between two TozerDACs may be inconvenient if they are needed simultaneously by different users.
What should I check if my TPress isn’t reaching higher loads than 630 N?
- Verify that the clamp presser below the knob is correctly positioned.
- Check if the TPress was mishandled causing the Belleville springs to dislodge or go missing inside the tower. Ensure they are placed in the correct sequence as per the user guide.
How can I prevent ice buildup when using the Helix Nitrogen jet?
Ensure the nozzle is positioned at the optimal distance for effective nitrogen flow and adjust the cryostream settings to minimize ice formation. Rotating the TozerDAC by 180 degrees between data collections can help by evenly cooling the cell.
Why is it hard to turn the torque wrench inside the TPress when applying force?
This usually happens if the threaded parts within the TPress are pushed against each other due to incorrect force application. It’s crucial to turn the torque wrench simultaneously while adjusting the front knob to avoid excessive friction.
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